), revenues: $45.983 billion (2019 est. Friday, July 28, 2023. . Peruvians are required to vote by law. Because of vacancies in the vice-presidential positions, constitutional succession led to the President of the Peruvian Congress, Manuel MERINO, becoming the next president of Peru. Except for the Lake Titicaca basin in the southeast, its borders lie in sparsely populated zones. The Humboldt Current, named for Alexander von Humboldt, the German naturalist and geographer who devoted much of his work to South America, is small and sluggish in comparison to the GULF STREAM and works in the opposite fashion, bringing colder water north from ANTARCTICA and lowering temperatures along the Pacific coast by 45 to 47 degress F (7 to 8 degrees C). )crude oil estimated reserves: 858.9 million barrels (2021 est. Its western border lies along the Pacific Ocean. They are composed of shrubs, thorny trees, carob trees, faique trees, guayacan[check spelling] trees, hualtaco trees, palo santo trees, ceibo trees and on the coast Rainfall varies from 200 to 1,500mm (7.9 to 59.1in) per year. This region extends nearly 2,414 miles (3,885 kilometers) along the Pacific Ocean and has an average width of about 30 to 60 miles (50 to 100 kilometers). Some scientists think there may even be Indian tribes there that have never seen the outside world. Peru president calls for 'truce' as protests rage. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 4.27% (2021 est. East of the Sierra, the Selva, the largest of the three regions, spans over 60% of the country. It is the administrative, cultural, educational, commercial and economic hub of the nation. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. note: data are in current year dollars$51.778 billion (2019 est. The rainiest months are January through March where travel can be sometimes affected. ), sugar cane, potatoes, rice, plantains, milk, poultry, maize, cassava, oil palm fruit, grapes, mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction; fishing and fish processing, cement, glass, textiles, clothing, food processing, beer, soft drinks, rubber, machinery, electrical machinery, chemicals, furniture, 18.352 million (2021 est. 71 / 63 F Weather by CustomWeather, 2023 More weather details Time Zone ), lowest 10%: 1.4%highest 10%: 36.1% (2010 est. The second largest city in Peru, Callao, has a population of 1 300,000, and third city Arequipa Peru's developed urban cities are found in coastal regions and to the north. Winters (JuneSeptember) are cooler during the nights; around 16C (60.8F) during the night, to around 27C (80.6F) during the daytime. LEFT: PERUVIAN FLAG, RIGHT: NEUEVO SOLPhotograph by Asafta, Dreamstime, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. The presidential election of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA Perez who, after a disappointing presidential term from 1985 to 1990, oversaw a robust economic rebound. agriculture: 7.6% (2017 est. The earliest inhabitants arrived there about 15,000 years ago. Get our travel tips Delivered to your inbox. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The highest peak, Mount Huascarn, is 22,205 feet (6,768 meters) high. In terms of longitude, Peru sits roughly in line with the east coast of the United States. International groups such as UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization) and GIWA (Global International Waters Assessment) are working to develop comprehensive sustainable aquaculture management proposals. One of the most important Peruvian cultures was the Inca, who lived in Peru around 600 years ago. The people of Peru are a mix of many different cultures, including Indians, Spaniards and other Europeans, descendants of African slaves, and Asians. The most extensive upwellings are associate, Antarctic Circumpolar Current (West Wind Drift) The largest and most important ocean current in the southern hemisphere. Human activity, however, is also a cause itself in the disruption of the area's rich biodiversity. You can find more information about schooling in Lima and Peru in our article . Friday, July . Professor of Geography, California State University, Fresno. The Humboldt Current, serving as one cause of climatic differentiation, is 7 to 8C (13 to 14F) colder than normal tropical seas at 14 to 19C (57 to 66F), thus preventing high tropical temperatures from appearing. The world's largest rain forest, the Amazon, covers nearly half of Peru. )consumption: 396,000 metric tons (2020 est. The largest and most important coastal islands include the Ballestas Islands, known for their rich marine life, and San Lorenzo Island, the largest island of Peru, located off the coast of Callao. Territorial sea: After briefly discussing the modern oceanographic and climatic background, the main focus of this article concerns postglacial records from the continental margins off South America (Peru and Chile), New Zealand/Australia, and the Antarctic Peninsula (Palmer Deep). Lima is the most polluted city in Latin America. The ancient city of Machu Picchu was built by the Inca. The cold flow is intensified by upwelling of deep water caused by the combined effects of the drag of surface winds of the southeast trade winds and Earths rotation. To the west, territorial waters, reaching 200 miles (320 km) into the Pacific Ocean, are claimed by Peru. )methane emissions: 30.17 megatons (2020 est. [3] Lima forms part of the largest cities in the Americas, and holds 31.7% of the country's population. The Humboldt Current creates one of the largest and most productive marine ecosystems in the world. Peru, located on the western side of South America, shares its borders with five countries: Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the southeast, and Chile to the south. What Are El Nio and the Southern Oscillation? As it is a cold current, except at times of the phenomenon known as El Nio, the Peru Current brings fog to the nearby coast but also helps to keep the coast one of the most intensely arid areas in the world. )$67.711 billion (31 December 2019 est. Peru is the third largest country in South America, after Brazil and Argentina. )3.495 (2020 est. [13], The eastern portions of Peru include the Amazon Basin or selva baja, a region that is larger in the north than in the south. Is Kuroshio a cold current or warm current? The name Peru is derived from a Quechua word implying land of abundance, a reference to the economic wealth produced by the rich and highly organized Inca civilization that ruled the region for centuries. Dominant species include sardines, anchovies, and mackerel. Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Peru shares control of Lake Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia. Peru is ranked as the sixth largest producer of gold. Parallel to the Costa, the Sierra, also known as the Andean highlands, runs from the north to the south of the country. It is one of the largest ocean currents in the world, bringing cold water north from the South PACIFIC for thousands of kilometers (from 40 degrees S to 5 degrees S) before it dissipates in the warmer waters around the equator. (Spanish)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. Covering an area of 1,285,216 sq.km , Peru is South America's 3rd largest country and the 19th largest country in the world. The northern coast, on the contrary, has a curious tropical-dry climate, generally referred to as tropical savanna. Mangrove forests are located in four specific areas from Sechura to Tumbes. This region is also home to Lake Titicaca, which Peru shares with Bolivia. Facing impeachment after evidence surfaced of his involvement in a vote-buying scandal, President KUCZYNSKI offered his resignation on 21 March 2018. Cooler water and air temperatures have affected the wildlife of the Galapagos, allowing cold-water species such as penguins and fur seals to thrive as far north as the equator. )$12,700 (2019 est. Peru is the fifth most populous country in Latin America and it is known for its ancient history, varied topography, and multiethnic population. This can create a great deal of humidity and fog during winter months. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The above map shows the Peru coordinates, latitude longitude, and address. You can share the Peru Gps Coordinates with anyone using the share link above. Continental shelf: ), total petroleum production: 122,500 bbl/day (2021 est. This purports the idea that the southern coast has a more desert-like climate, although daily temperature variations exist as they do in other regions within tropical latitudes. )25.7% of GDP (2018 est. Peru and its twin city, LaSalle, make up the core of the Illinois Valley. Lima is home of 400 sites of 46,000 in the country, the country itself only preserves 1%. ), nuevo sol (PEN) per US dollar -3.881 (2021 est. This page was last updated on June 27, 2023, All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, The Peruvian People - Cultures around the World. Ecuador to the north, which shares an 882-mile border, Colombia to the north, which shares a 1,119-mile border, Brazil to the east, which shares a 1,861-miles border, Bolivia to the southeast, which shares a 668-mile border, Chile to the south, which shares a 106-mile border. It is directly off the shores of the Sechura Region where the cold Humboldt current and warm El Nio current meet, at about 5 to 6 south of the equator. FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Peru FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional republic CAPITAL: Lima POPULATION: 31,331,228 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: Spanish, Quechua MONEY: Nuevo Sol AREA: 496,224. ), total population: 68.94 yearsmale: 65.38 yearsfemale: 72.67 years (2023 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 128 (2021 est. )exports: 0 kWh (2019 est. In 2013, the United Nations declared Peru as the largest producer of cocaine in the world, with over US$1 billion in revenues and employing over 200,000 people. Peru, one of 12 sovereign nations in South America, sits just south of the equator on the western half of the continent. School enrollment has improved, but achievement scores reflect ongoing problems with educational quality. Favourite destinations for international travelers include Machu Picchu, a site of ancient Inca ruins located about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Cuzco, and museums housing artifacts excavated from ancient tombs in northern coastal Peru. The current is an eastern boundary current which flows towards the equator, extending approximately 310-620 miles offshore. ), total: 29.1 yearsmale: 28.3 yearsfemale: 29.9 years (2020 est. Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard won a very narrow presidential runoff election in June 2016. )major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informacin bsica. A 250-acre (100-hectare) plot of Peruvian rain forest is home to more than 6,000 kinds of plants! These sprawling places are known as Pueblos Jvenes. Businesses may be closed. Lima. )solar: 1.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Only during the . This climatic change is caused by the presence of the warm El Nio Current during the summer months (December to April), the eventual El Nio Phenomenon and the passing of Amazon Jungles clouds due to mountain openings and lower altitudes of the Andes Chain. (Show more) Official Languages: 7 Coolest Small Towns In Nevada For A Summer Vacation, 9 Underrated Destinations In the Poconos To Avoid Summer Crowds, 10 Affordable Summer Vacation Spots In Florida's Emerald Coast, What Really Started The American Civil War, 10 Adorable Small Towns In the Outer Banks. Source: Google News. Moving inland into the Yunga valleys, the climate tends to be ~3C (5.4F) drier and warmer during any given month. Peru's agricultural lands make up 18.5% of Peru's total surface area, a substantially lower percentage compared to its neighbors who average at around 22% agricultural land. Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador, Spanish (official) 84.1%, Quechua (official) 13%, Aymara (official) 1.7%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes a large number of minor Amazonian languages) 0.7%, other 0.2%, Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%, LIMA (capital) 9.13 million; Arequipa 804,000. During the day, temperatures rarely go below the 22 or 23C (72 or 73F) for all months of the year. Known as the world's highest navigable lake, Lake Titicaca is situated at an altitude of 12,507 feet (3,812 meters) above sea level. Time/General ; Weather ; Time Zone ; DST Changes ; Sun & Moon; Eclipses; 11:18:44 am. The northernmost regions of the Andes around Cajamarca and Piura regions have Pramo climates. Despite its tropical location, a great diversity of climates, ways of life, and economic activities is brought about by the extremes of elevation and by the southwest winds that sweep in across the cold Peru Current (or Humboldt Current), which flows along its Pacific shoreline. Wealth. https://www.britannica.com/place/Peru-Current, Origins - The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism. This region includes the towering peaks of the Andes Mountains, among them Huascarn, the highest peak in Peru, standing at 22,205 feet (6,768 meters). Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Peru is known for its diverse landscapes and wildlife. Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, Brazil, Colombia. Peru was a country of immigration in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but has become a country of emigration in the last few decades. )imports: 60 million kWh (2019 est. Pollution is also a problem in the region, caused by sewage andindustrial waste, particularly related to petroleum and copper exploitation. [1] It is an eastern boundary current flowing in the direction of the equator, and extends 500-1,000 km (310-620 mi) offshore. If you want to place the current location on a website, use the following link. )investment in fixed capital: 21.7% (2017 est. )biomass and waste: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The Selva's landscape consists of dense rainforests, expansive wetlands, and towering river cliffs. The Town of Peru is in the eastern part of the county and is south of Plattsburgh. Hi: 63F / 17C Lo: 49F / 9C Tomorrow's forecast Morning clouds. note: data are in current year dollars$54.676 billion (2019 est. There are 32.1 million people who live in Peru. 8. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Roman Catholic 60%, Christian 14.6% (includes Evangelical 11.1%, other 3.5%), other 0.3%, none 4%, unspecified 21.1% (2017 est.). )hydroelectricity: 55.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )$75.467 billion (2018 est. On 17 November, Francisco SAGASTI assumed the position of President of Peru after being appointed President of the Congress the previous day. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 8,356,711 tons (2014 est. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 44.2% of Lima's population older than 15 years has a higher education or university education. Peru's urban and coastal communities have benefited much more from recent economic growth than rural, Afro-Peruvian, indigenous, and poor populations of the Amazon and mountain regions. Presidents serve five-year terms and can only be elected twice in a row. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100", "Major Cities in Peru: The Largest and the Most Popular | New Peruvian", "Peru Population 2018 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)", "Growing Pains: Urbanization and Governance in Peru", "World Health Organization Says Lima has Worst Air Pollution in LatAm", "Water Contamination and its Impact on Vegetable Production in the Rimac River, Peru", "Ruins at risk: Peru's urban growth threatens to erase pre-colonial sites", "Bolsonaro's economic guru urges quick Brazil pension reform", "Horizontal en Blanco | Earth & Life Sciences | Earth Sciences", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Peru&oldid=1166143932, CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es), Articles needing additional references from March 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing cleanup from January 2016, Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from January 2016, Articles with unidentified words from March 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 19 July 2023, at 16:24. Time in Peru. It lies wholly in the Southern Hemisphere, its northernmost extreme reaching to 1.8 minutes of latitude or about 3.3 kilometres (2.1mi) south of the equator. ), $12,500 (2021 est. [8][9], The rise of urbanization forgets the historic sites, ruins or huacas, which are being replaced for buildings, roads, etc. Cold waters with low salinity and high levels of nutrients are brought to the surface through upwelling, providing sustenance to fish and marine mammals. But now, more than 70 percent live in cities. )note: data are for metropolitan Lima, annual average. It is also a biodiverse area where typical wildlife can be observed such as crocodiles, reptiles, iguanas, boas, pava aliblanca, anteater, bear, sloth (bearh) and many more. Moreover, the Andes mountains are very close to the coast, a geographic factor that prevents cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds from appearing. Of particular fame is the Cordillera Blanca, with the countrys highest peak, Mount Huascarn, at 22,205 feet (6,768 metres), and nearby Huascarn National Park (designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1985). )exports: 5.446 billion cubic meters (2019 est. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. )-$1.68 billion (2019 est. New congressional elections took place on 26 January 2020 resulting in the return of an opposition-led legislature. ), improved: urban: 97.2% of populationrural: 82.4% of populationtotal: 94% of populationunimproved: urban: 2.8% of populationrural: 17.6% of populationtotal: 6% of population (2020 est. Additionally, due to the height of the Andes cordillera, there is no passage of hot clouds from the Amazon to the coast, the climate is cooler than that of similar tropical latitudes. [12], The combination of tropical latitude, mountain ranges, topography variations and two ocean currents (Humboldt and El Nio) gives Peru a large diversity of climates. Peru is the third largest country in South America, after Brazil and Argentina. Lima is the province in Peru. unitary multiparty republic with one legislative house (Congress of the Republic [130]), Spanish; Quechua (locally); Aymara (locally), The second Fernando Belande presidency (198085) and the rise of Shining Path and the Tpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, The first Alan Garca Prez presidency (198590), The rule, misrule, and flight of Alberto Fujimori (19902000), The Alejandro Toledo presidency (200106) and the extradition and imprisonment of Alberto Fujimori, The second Alan Garca Prez presidency (200611), The rise of Keiko Fujimori, the Pedro Pablo Kuczynski presidency (201618), and the Odebrecht scandal, The short presidencies of Martn Vizcarra (201820), Manuel Merino (2020), and Francisco Sagasti (202021) and the COVID-19 pandemic, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz, Which Country Is Larger By Population? )consumption: 8,278,048,000 cubic meters (2019 est. [5] Lima is a pull factor that draws millions of Peruvians from the suburbs to the capital. ), -0.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. )female: 3% (2020 est. In Peru, llamas have been used as pack animals for centuries. The northern coast consists of the eastern region of Lambayeque, the Piura Region and the Tumbes Region. In southern Peru the character of the Andes changes to that of a high plateau region; this is the Puna, with vast tablelands and elevations between 13,000 and 16,000 feet (about 4,000 and 5,000 metres). Peru, located on the western side of South America, shares its borders with five countries: Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the southeast, and Chile to the south. For many reasons, Peruvians have not had as much of an impact on their natural world as many other countries, and much of these ecosystems have been undisturbed. The ranges of the central zone form particularly difficult barriers to movement. This is a list of the extreme points of Peru, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location. )other alcohols: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Peru Current, also called Humboldt Current, cold-water current of the southeast Pacific Ocean, with a width of about 900 km (550 miles). ), comparison rankings: agriculture 103; industry 63; services 128, household consumption: 64.9% (2017 est. Along Peru's west coast is a narrow strip of desert 1,555 miles (2,500 kilometers) long. Time Zone in Lima. ), $66.098 billion (2021 est.) ), 54.996 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Peru is essentially a tropical country, with its northern tip nearly touching the Equator. The population was 10,295 at the 2010 census. Where is its location? )government consumption: 11.7% (2017 est. The town was first settled in 1772. Peru is a nation located on the western coast of South America. Only 3% of Peru's land is arable, with 0.5% being suitable for permanent crops. of Peruvian land is attributed to population centers, coastal regions, and other space. Overfishing threatens the marine mammals and sea birds that rely on fish for their basic diet. From Nazca southward to the Chilean border the coast is for the most part lined by low mountains; the southern valleys are narrow, and only in scattered spots are level lands found near the ocean. )3.337 (2019 est. This urban inland migration is the result of sprawling around Lima. Peru Bordering Countries: )beer: 3.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. 7. Relatively slow and shallow, it transports only 350,000,000700,000,000 cubic feet (10,000,00020,000,000 cubic metres) of water per second. Quiz, Public Broadcasting Service - Commanding Heights - Peru, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Peru, Peru - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Peru - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). note: data are in current year dollars$42.093 billion (2020 est.) )on alcohol and tobacco: 2.4% of household expenditures (2018 est. (male 1,134,587/female 1,467,662), total dependency ratio: 53youth dependency ratio: 37.1elderly dependency ratio: 13.1potential support ratio: 7.9 (2021 est. More Family: The family is important in Peru. Machu Picchu, also spelled Machupijchu, site of ancient Inca ruins located about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Cuzco, Peru, in the Cordillera de Vilcabamba of the Andes Mountains. )1.2% of GDP (2019 est. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 94.5%male: 97%female: 92% (2020), total: 15 yearsmale: 15 yearsfemale: 15 years (2017), total: 11.2%male: 9.2%female: 13.2% (2021 est. The CIA World Factbook places the center of Peru at the following geographic coordinates: 10 degrees south latitude and 76 degrees west longitude. Geography - note. ), total: 8.1% (2020 est. Such species include sea otters, sea lions, large sea birds, and whales. ), women married by age 15: 2.5%women married by age 18: 17.4% (2018 est. The Costa, representing a narrow strip of desert plain that stretches from the northern tip of the country to the southern border, makes up around 12% of the total area of Peru. )3.38% (2019 est. Location Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador Geographic coordinates 10 00 S, 76 00 W Well, you might have heard so many names like Kuroshio current, Oyashio current, Peru current etc. [2] The percentage of urbanization in Peru is 79.2%, and holds a yearly increase of 1.57%. It is a region of immense biodiversity and hosts a significant portion of the world's species. Fitch rating: BBB+ (2013)Moody's rating: A3 (2014)Standard & Poors rating: BBB+ (2013)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. Both Peru and Chile are increasing levels of development in tourism and urbanization along their lengthy coasts, but they have also joined together in regional cooperation for managing the Humboldt Current ecosystem. Originating from the Andes, the Amazon River traverses the country from west to east before emptying into the Atlantic Ocean after flowing through multiple countries. )wine: 0.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )investment in inventories: -0.2% (2017 est. )imports: 262,000 metric tons (2020 est. A caretaker government oversaw a new election in the spring of 2001, which installed Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique as the new head of government - Peru's first democratically elected president of indigenous ethnicity. Its chilled air carries less moisture, thus helping to create the world's driest desert in Chile's Atacama Desert. The immense difficulties of travel posed by the Andes have long impeded national unity. gree / digr/ n. 1. )industrial: 3.51 billion cubic meters (2020 est. The Humboldt Current is a cold, low- salinity ocean current that flows north along the western coast of South America. Peru is a very old country. Below the 2,500m (8,202ft) mark, the temperatures vary between 5 and 15C (41 and 59F) in the night versus 18 to 25C (64.4 to 77.0F) in the day. What is the current weather in Peru? )$60.333 billion (31 December 2018 est. ), urban population: 78.9% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. After remaining almost static for about a decade, Peru's malnutrition rate began falling in 2005, when the government introduced a coordinated strategy focusing on hygiene, sanitation, and clean water. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The coasts of Peru and Chile are therefore one of the largest fisheries in the world, with approximately 18 to 20 percent of the world's fish catch. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 4% (2012 est. [11] The International migration is caused by social, environmental, and economic crises. Peru, country in western South America. The UN estimates the July 1, 2023 population at 34,352,719. 19 Jan 2023 Thousands of protesters in Peru have converged in the capital Lima to show support for ousted former President Pedro Castillo and to demand the resignation of current President Dina. Along the western edge of South America, the Andes Mountains were created by tectonic activity in which the South American Plate overrode the Nazca Plate. 200nmi (370.4km; 230.2mi) The region differs from the southern coast by the presence of shrubs, equatorial dry forests (TumbesPiura dry forests ecoregion), mangrove forests, tropical valleys near rivers such as the Chira and the Tumbes. Cultural Attributes: Appointments and other meetings may not begin on time and Peruvians generally consider people to be more important than schedules.
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