In its direct aftermath, Tarkhun, the ruler of Samarkand sent envoys to Qutayba and became a tributary vassal to the Caliphate. The situation he found there was one of disorder. He did not force them to convert. Al-Hajjaj was now the undisputed master not only of Iraq, but of the entire Islamic East; only the governor of Khurasan, Yazid ibn al-Muhallab, retained some autonomy. Al-Hajjaj was born in ca. Dear Patron: Please don't scroll past this. Qutayba was completely unaware of the situation however, and began preparations for the campaign of 715, during which he intended to finally capture the Ferghana Valley and complete the subjugation of the Jaxartes valley. The weight of my sins is as the weight of sky and earth. The Governor of Iraq was therefore in charge of a huge super-province or vice-royalty stretching from Mesopotamia to the still expanding borders in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, comprising half of the Caliphate's territory and producing more than half its income. Many accounts list al-Hajjj as being his uncle or father in law. No garrisons were installed, and as soon as the Arab army had departed, the Zunbil ceased the payment of tribute. As they have made submission, and have agreed to pay taxes to the Khalifa, nothing more can be properly required from them. [31] Thus Qutayba led a large army south, but the Zunbil readily offered his submission and the payment of tribute. He first became publicly active when, in the reign of the caliphAbd al-Malik, he restoreddisciplineamong troops being used to repress a rebellion inIraq. Qutayba replaced the governor, Iyas ibn Abdallah ibn Amr, with his own brother Abdallah ibn Muslim, but the revolt persisted until, after the capture of Samarkand, a strong force under al-Mughir ibn Abdallah could be sent to subdue the region. On the saying of this by Said bin Zubair, Hajjaj bin Yusuf passed away within fifteen nights. quoted in Balakrishna, S. Invaders and infidels: From Sindh to Delhi: the 500- year journey of Islamic invasions. [21], Later in 711, al-Hajjaj ordered Qutayba to march against the Hephthalite kingdom of Zabulistan, whose ruler, titled Zunbil, had long remained an indomitable thorn in the Arabs' side and menaced their province of Sistan. The men of fighting age were executed, the women and children sold off as slaves, and enormous booty amassed, especially in armour and weapons, which equipped the Arab army. Assalamu-`alaykum wa rahamtullahi wa barakatuhu: 1.Introduction. The Internet Archive is a nonprofit fighting for universal access to quality information, powered by online donations averaging $17. Hadhrat Hasan Basri (Rahmatullahi Alayhi) used to say, Hajjaj is a calamity sent by God, do not try to remove him by force but ask Allah Taa'la. Therefore, the moment the news of the death of Hajjaj was reported Hadhrat Hasan Basri and Umar bin Abdul Aziz fell in prostration to God and exclaimed, The pharaoh of this nation is no more! In order to restore discipline, al-Hajjaj announced that any man who did not within three days return to the camp would be put to death and his property be left open to plunder. 5 minutes read Hajjaj ibn Yusuf ath-Thaqafi In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful Hajjaj was the bloodthirsty governor of Iraq and Iran. Qutayba's brother Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim was installed with a garrison near Balkh to oversee the affairs of the province. The governorship of Iraq was indeed "the most important and responsible administrative post of the Islamic state" (A. Dietrich), as it comprised not only Iraq proper, but also included the lands conquered by troops from the two colony towns (misr) of Kufa and Basra, i.e. Ab af Qutayba ibn Ab li Muslim ibn Amr al-Bhil (Arabic: ; 669715/6)[1] was an Arab commander of the Umayyad Caliphate who became governor of Khurasan and distinguished himself in the conquest of Transoxiana during the reign of al-WalidI (705715). Ghurak and his retinue left the city and founded a new town, Farankath, further to the north. Henceforth Iraq passed under virtual Syrian occupation, and the Iraqis, regardless of social status, were deprived of any real power in the governance of the region. Go. Topics HAJJAJ BIN YUSUF Collection opensource Language Bislama. An army under the local governor Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Bakra had suffered a heavy defeat against the ruler of the kingdom of Zabulistan, known as the Zunbil, and now al-Hajjaj ordered Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath, the most pre-eminent member of the Kufan aristocracy (the ashrf) to lead an army against the Zunbil. #history #islamic #story #hajjajbinyusuf #ik Who Was Hajjaj Bin Yusuf | Complete Life Story And Tragic Death Of Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf | history - ik Show more 260K views 1 year ago Wall Of. [44][47] At any rate, over the next two years Qutayba engaged in an effort to push the Caliphate's borders further and gain control of the Jaxartes valley. The failure of Ibn al-Ash'ath's revolt led to the tightening of Umayyad control over Iraq. He left a small garrison there and departed, but the inhabitants launched a revolt soon after. The native levies were dispatched against Shash, which was reportedly taken, while Qutayba with the Arabs marched in the direction of Khujand and Ferghana. #QissaKhawani, #HajjajBinYousuf, #AlHajjaj, #Info@Adil, #IslamicHistory, #WoKonTha, #IslamicHistory, #DirilisErtugrul, #INFOatADIL, #AlHujjajMovie, #Urdu, #Hindi, #InspiringStory, #Hujjaj, #DeathofHujjaj, #TariqJameel, #Facts, #TragicDeath, #MuhammadBinQasim, #Muslim, #Islam, #Lifestory, #Biography, #Qissa He was the first author who translated . His successors did not command his prestige among the local population and were unable to maintain his conquests in the face of local revolts and invasion by the Turgesh khaganate, and most of Transoxiana was abandoned or became hotly contested territory in the years after his death. When a sudden thunderstorm broke out, which his soldiers interpreted as divine wrath, he was able to rally them and convince them that it was actually a sign of victory. Ghurak and the inhabitants of the city resisted the Arabs with determination, and called upon the rulers of Shash and the Ferghana Valley for aid. After taking over Ta'if unopposed, he halted there as Abd al-Malik had charged him to try to secure Ibn al-Zubayr's capitulation by diplomatic means if possible, and to avoid shedding of blood in Mecca. Lineage, Kunya, and Birth. Al-Hajjaj also ordered the translation of the tax registers (diwn) into Arabic from the Persian in which it had hitherto been kept, so that he could supervise it personally. At the last, after negotiations with the new regime in Damascus failed, Qutayba resolved to rebel. Waki ibn Abi Sud succeeded him as governor, and ordered the army to return to Merv, where it was disbanded. He was the first author who translated Euclid's Elements from Greek into Arabic. [44][66], ^a:According to the historian al-Tabari, the regular Muslim forces in the region mustered 47,000 Arabs (9,000 from Basra, 7,000 Bakr, 10,000 Tamim, 4,000 Qays, 10,000 Azd and 7,000 Kufans) and 7,000 mawali or native converts. Al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf founded the city, Wasit, and died there. [5] His early life is obscure, except for his having been a schoolmaster in his hometownanother source of derision to his enemieswhere he taught his pupils to copy and recite the Quran. Her father Abu Bakr Siddiq (R.A.) was a trusted friend of Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.). A famous Arab military commander, political leader, and orator during the reign of Caliph 'Abd al-Malik (r. 685-705). He appointed Muhammad bin Qasim to lead the conquest of the Sindh and northwestern India, Qutayba ibn Muslim to conquer Transoxiana, and Mujja'a ibn Si'r to Oman. As a result, the Caliph entrusted him with command of the army's rear-guard. The explosion came in 699: when he had been conferred the governorships of Khurasan and Sistan, al-Hajjaj had given it to al-Muhallab, but in Sistan, the situation was far more unstable, and the country had to be essentially reconquered. This army was drawn from the Kufan soldiery, and such was the splendour of its equipment, or perhaps the "proud and haughty manner of the Kufan soldiers and ashrf who composed it" (G. R. Hawting), that it became known in history as the "Peacock Army". The pillars of the countries of Hind and Sind are Alor and Multan. There he attracted Abd al-Malik's attention by the rapidity and efficiency with which he restored discipline during a mutiny of the troops destined to accompany the Caliph in his campaign against Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr in Iraq. Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi was the Umayyad caliphate's most famous and most able governor. The king fell in battle, and his supporters were executed. I can't take hearing this right now. Most of his remaining followers tried to reach Herat, but were defeated by al-Muhallab's son, Yazid ibn al-Muhallab, who surrendered those of southern Arab (Yemeni) provenance but let the north Arab (Mudaris) go. Her mother was Qutailah bint Abdul Uzza, first wife of Abu Bakr (R.A.). Compleate Life Story Tragic Death of Hajjaj ibn yusaf | Voice Of History110 Almost yours: 2 weeks, on us 100+ live channels are waiting for you with zero hidden. The year after, al-Walid died as well, and his brother Sulayman ibn Abdi l-Malik came to power. Episode 34 of Hajjaj Bin Yusuf Oh, God, spare me from Al . Complete Life Story And Tragic Death Of Al-Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf || INFOatADIL INFO at ADIL 1.17M subscribers Subscribe 11K 866K views 6 months ago Dear Viewers,. [23][24] Despite the swift end of Nizak's revolt, the king of Shuman and Akharun decided to rebel as well. In addition, the post was of particular political sensitivity due to the long history of Kharijism and political dissent in Iraq, particularly in Kufa. His first translation was made for Yay ibn Khlid, the Vizier of Caliph Hrn alRashd. Oleh kerana jasanya dalam pentadbiran kerajaan yang besar, Khalifah Abdul Malik b. When the report of his latter lenient policy reached his patron Hajjaj in Baghdad, disapproving the leniency, he wrote to Qasim: Elliot and Dowson, Vol I, 173ff. 0 references. Al-Hajjaj tried to stop them at Tustar, but the rebels were victorious (early 701). Qutayba rose at first as the protege of Anbasa ibn Sa'id, but was noticed by the powerful governor of Iraq and the East, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, during the suppression of the revolt of Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath in 700/701. Although Yazid was able to refuse several summons to Wasit, finally in 704 al-Hajjaj persuaded the Caliph to dismiss him, and Yazid was put in prison. He began to restore and expand the Sasanian-era network of canals in the lower Iraq. There are different accounts of his year of birth: 39/659-60, 40/660-1, 41/661-2 or 42/662-3, and on another account, 45/665-6 or a short time after that. The letter of my dear nephew Muhammad Kasim has been received, and the facts understood. Now you should not stay any longer La this city. The new Caliph was a bitter enemy of Qutayba, for the latter had argued in favour of excluding him from the succession. It appears that the chief inhabitants of Brahmanabad had petitioned to be allowed to repair the temple of Budh and pursue their religion. place of death. date of death. His mother, al-Fari'a, had married, and been divorced by, al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba, appointed governor of Kufa by the first Umayyad caliph, Mu'awiya (r.661680). [44][64][65] His descendants too continued to hold influential positions: his son Qatan served as governor of Bukhara, Salm, another son, governed Basra and Rayy, and his nephew Muslim was governor of Balkh. When Muhammad bin Qasim began the conquest of Sindh, he exercised the policy of converting the people of a territory, which gave a ght, at the pain of death. Hajjaj Bin Yusuf, Al- (660-714). Tokharistan was more firmly incorporated into the Caliphate, as Arab district representatives were appointed alongside the local princes, who were gradually relegated to secondary positions. This discontent was driven by various tribal, economic, and political factors. [4] Qutayba rose at first as the protege of Anbasa ibn Sa'id, but was noticed by the powerful governor of Iraq and the East, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, during the suppression of the revolt of Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath in 700/701. [44][53][54][55], After Qutayba's death, the Arab position in Transoxiana swiftly crumbled. The opposition, led by the Tamim tribe, coalesced around their leader Waki ibn Abi Sud al-Tamimi. He was born in the village, Banu Sakhr. Complete Life Story And Tragic Death Of Al-Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf || DailyJameel DailyJameel Series 25K subscribers Subscribe 13 Share 753 views 6 months ago. Grant me salvation, for people say you will not forgive me., So saying this he closed his eyes. [1][5], Then, in late 704 or early 705, Abd al-Malik appointed Qutayba as governor of Khurasan. Dia lahir pada tahun 41 H. Gelar al-Hajjaj didapatnya karena dia banyak mematahkan tulang-tulang (h.2-3). Qutayba was born in 669 CE in Basra, to an influential family of the Bahila tribe. From 705 to c.710, he consolidated Muslim control over the native principalities of Tokharistan and conquered the principality of Bukhara, while in 710712 he conquered Khwarizm and completed the conquest of Sogdiana with the capture of Samarkand. Qutayba then marched west over the Iron Gate, taking Kish and Nasaf and visiting Bukhara, where he settled relations between the Arabs and the locals, installed the young Sogdian prince Tughshada in the position of Bukhar Khudah and established an Arab military colony in the city. A capable soldier and administrator, he consolidated Muslim rule in the area and expanded the Caliphate's border to include most of Transoxiana. Who Was Hajjaj Bin Yusuf? He was generally popular among the native Iranians, but the leader of the native auxiliaries, Hayyan an-Nabati, had secretly turned against him. Ibn al-Ash'ath was inclined to accept, but the more radical of his followers, especially the scholars known as qurr, refused, believing that the offered terms revealed the government's weakness, and pushed for outright victory. The caliph, al-Walid I, issued an order to his brother, Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik, the pro-Azdi governor of Palestine, to send the sons of al-Muhallab to Damascus. [10] The first Arab attacks across the Oxus ranged as far as Shash (Tashkent) and Khwarizm, but they were little more than raids aiming at seizing booty and extracting tribute, and were interrupted by the intertribal warfare that broke out in Khurasan during the Second Fitna (683692). [1][20][21][22], This success was followed however by the rebellion in the autumn of 709 of much of Lower Tokharistan under Nizak of Badhgis, with the support of the principalities of Yalqan and Faryab, and the city of Balkh. Al-Huayn pelted the Kaaba with stones using trebuchets and set fire to it. Subscribe Youtube https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgyxv2OEPmAqJDNUuMl0HoAHit Bell Icon Stay updated! Who Was Hajjaj bin yusaf? [a] This measure was later expanded to include the newly conquered territories in Sogdiana and Khwarizm. His first translation was made for Yay ibn Khlid, the Hrn alRashd. Hajjaj with his oppression laid siege to Makkah and killed Abdullah bin Zubair without any mercy on him. The division of the text into thirty parts (ajz) seems to have been part of this reform. These problems overcome, al-Hajjaj sent the troops against the Kharijites. He first became publicly active when, in the reign of the caliphAbd al-Malik, he restoreddisciplineamong troops being used to repress a rebellion inIraq. There are no reviews yet. Dia lahir di kota Tha'if pada tahun 660 M. Imam Adz Dzahabi mengulas mengenai peribadi mengenai Hajjaj iaitu: "Al Hajjaj, Allah memusnahkannya di bulan Ramadhan tahun 95 Hijrah dalam keadaan His first public post, as governor of Tabala in the Tihama region, was also unremarkable. He made a second, improved, more concise translation for the Caliph al-Mamn (813833). Beliau merupakan pemuda Arab yang berasal dari suku kaum Thaqafi. Soon after Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (r.685705) assumed the throne, al-Hajjaj left his home town and went to the capital, Damascus, where he entered the security force (shurta) of the Caliph. He was a governor of Iraq at the time of Umayyad rule and played an active role in expanding the territory of the Umayyad . In late 691 he set out from Kufa at the head of 2,000 Syrian troops. Although it dominated the fertile lands of the Sawad, many of these were assigned by the Umayyads to princes of the dynasty, while the average Kufan was given land as a stipend for military service; but as the size of the stipend was determined by the earliness of conversion to Islam, many received only minuscule grants. 0 references. The remnants of the rebel army fled to Basra, but were soon evicted and pursued by the Syrians to Khuzistan and Sistan. Al-Hajjaj's version also probably included new vowel diacritics, and purged the text of any references hostile to the Umayyads. Ab Muammad al-ajjj ibn Ysuf ibn al-akam ibn Aql al-Thaqaf (Arabic: ; Ta'if 661 Wasit, 714 (40-95 AH)), known simply as al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf (Arabic: , romanized: al-ajjj ibn Ysuf), was probably the most notable governor who served the Umayyad Caliphate. al-Hajjaaj ibn Yoosuf ath-Thaqafi was the governor of Iraq for the caliph 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwaan. The people give me no hope, Though I repose much hope in you". idwiki Al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf; itwiki Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf; kywiki . [1][25][26], At the same time, Qutayba began to adopt a measure that marked a radical departure from previous practice in the East: he ordered the raising of native Khurasani auxiliary levies, usually some ten to twenty thousand strong and mostly composed of non-converts, to supplement the Arab tribal army, the muqatila. He instilled discipline in the soldier ranks which led to the successful expansion of the Islamic empire to its farthest extent. The Sogdians were at the time divided by civil war in which Bukhara had been seized by the ruler of nearby Wardana, the Wardan Khudah, while another local magnate, Khunuk Khudah, had declared himself king of Bukhara (Bukhar Khudah). He declared this version to be the only valid one, while prohibiting the use of Ibn Mas'ud's qir'a. Before being executing, Sa'id bin Zubair told him that now you will not be able to set out for anyone. Gibb also suggests that the creation of an indigenous force may have been an attempt by Qutayba to establish a power base of his own. to all classes of people to observe the laws, and' their agree- ments, have brought much vigour to the Government, and have tended to the good administration of the country. The letter of my dear nephew Muhammad Kasim has been received, and the facts understood. Al-Hajjaj killed four companions (sahaba) of Muhammad, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, Jabir ibn Abd-Allah, Sa'id ibn Jubayr and Kumayl ibn Ziyad. He made a second, improved, more concise translation for the . [11] The native princes, for their part, tried to exploit the Arabs' rivalries, and with the aid of the Arab renegade Musa ibn Abdallah ibn Khazim, who in 689 seized the fortress of Tirmidh for his own domain, they managed to eject the Arabs from their holdings. The relationship was further strengthened through family ties: al-Hajjaj's daughter wed Masrur, son of al-Walid I (r. 705715), while the daughter of his brother Muhammad was wed to the future Yazid II (r. 720724); Yazid even named his first-born son after al-Hajjaj, who in turn named his first three sons after members of the dynasty. Zubair) and his words (in that connection) were conveyed to Hajjaj (b. Yusuf) and (as a consequence of that) he (the body of Abdullah b. Zubair) was brought down from the stump (the scaffold) by which it was hanging and thrown into the graves of the Jews. The city was taken by storm, a tribute of 200,000 dirhams imposed, and an Arab garrison installed. During this period, the Arabs suffered the grave defeats of the "Day of Thirst" and the Battle of the Pass and were weakened by internal conflicts as well. Search the history of over 815 billion Dia dikenal sebagai seorang penguasa yang . Khurrazadh and his followers were also captured and executed. After leaving Khwarizm, Qutayba initially turned towards Merv, for his army had grown weary and demanded an end to the campaign. The local Afrighid dynasty was left in place, with Askajamuk II, the son of Azkajwar II, as the new Khwarizmshah, but the conquest of Khwarizm was accompanied by great brutality: the 11th-century Khwarizmian scholar al-Biruni compares the events with a barbarian sack, as the Arabs proceeded to massacre most of the upper classes who had fomented the revolt, and destroyed a great many objects of Khwarizmian culture, including manuscripts. In 702 al-Hajjaj founded the city of Wasit, situated midway between Basra and Kufa, where he moved his seat. [13], The first task which Qutayba set himself was the suppression of the rebellion in Lower Tokharistan, which was accomplished swiftly with the reconquest of Balkh. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Arab accounts mention the participation of Turgesh troops as well, but this is probably an anachronism. While besieging the city of Mecca, Al-Hajjaj crucified Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr and said, "No one can take down his body except Asma (daughter of the late caliph Abu Bakr); she must come to me and ask permission of me, and only then will his body be taken down". Nama penuhnya adalah Hajjaj bin Yusuf bin Abu Uqail bin Mas'ud Ats-Tsaqafi. If any one refuses to submit to Muhammadan power slay him. After extensive negotiations led by Sulaym the Persian, the tarkhan Nizak, ruler of the Hephthalite principality of Badghis, surrendered to Qutayba, and pledged to accompany him in his expeditions. They are the capitals and royal residences. The two armies eventually met in the Battle of Dayr al-Jamajim in April 701, which resulted in a crushing victory for al-Hajjaj and his more disciplined Syrians. The tyranny of Hajjaj has become very famous in history. It appears that the chief inhabitants of Brahmanabad had petitioned to be allowed to repair the temple of Budh and pursue their religion. Grant me salvation, for people say you will not forgive me." He then recited the following verse: "Lord! Hajjaj wrote in reply, " My nephew Muhammad Kasim, you deserve praise and commendation for your military conduct, and for the pains you have taken in protecting the people, ameliorating their condition, and managing the affairs of the Government. He was known for oppression and bloodshed, showing disrespect to the early generations [the Sahaabah and Taabi'een] and transgressing all the sacred limits of Allah for the slightest reason. occupation. May you be victorious under the decree of the Almighty God, so that you may subdue the country of Hind to the boundary of China. Episode 34 "My Lord, people change, and life changes with them. [19][36][37], Khwarizm had been previously subdued in the mid-690s by Umayya ibn Abdallah, but as soon as his forces departed, the Khwarizmshah had renounced the treaty, and subsequent efforts by Yazid ibn al-Muhallab against Khwarizm had failed. His only concern was that his old rival, Yazid ibn al-Muhallab, might be restored to the Caliph's favour after al-Hajjaj's death, and he took few precautions except for removing his family and belongings from Merv to Shash and placing a guard on the Oxus. The latter opened the road to the Jaxartes valley, and during the last years of his life Qutayba led annual campaigns there, extending Muslim control up to the Fergana Valley and parts of Chinese Turkestan.[2]. Subsequent governors, most notably Sa'id ibn Uthman and al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra, made attempts to conquer territory across the river, but they failed. Finally, the Kufans were largely left out of the spoils of conquest in the East; it was the Basrans who secured the lion's share, taking over far more extensive and richer territory like Khurasan or Sindh, while the Kufans were left with the mountains of Jibal and central Persia as their city's sole dependencies.
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